Fire extinguishers are essential safety devices designed to control small fires before they escalate into major emergencies. Understanding how they work, the different types available, and their correct usage can make a crucial difference in an emergency situation. In this beginner’s guide to fire extinguishers, we will explore everything you need to know to enhance your fire safety knowledge.
Why Fire Extinguishers Are Important
Fire extinguishers are a first line of defence against fires in homes, workplaces, and public spaces. Their primary function is to control and extinguish fires before they spread, minimising damage and protecting lives. However, improper use or having the wrong type of extinguisher can be ineffective or even dangerous.
Types of Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers are classified into different types based on the types of fires they are designed to combat. The UK recognises six main categories:
1. Water Fire Extinguishers (Red Label)
- Suitable for Class A fires (wood, paper, textiles, etc.).
- Works by cooling the flames and reducing the fire’s temperature.
- Not suitable for electrical fires or flammable liquids.
2. Foam Fire Extinguishers (Cream Label)
- Effective against Class A and Class B fires (flammable liquids like petrol and oil).
- Forms a foam barrier that smothers the fire and prevents re-ignition.
- Not safe for use on electrical fires.
3. CO2 Fire Extinguishers (Black Label)
- Ideal for Class B fires and electrical fires.
- Works by displacing oxygen, suffocating the flames.
- Leaves no residue, making them suitable for offices and server rooms.
4. Dry Powder Fire Extinguishers (Blue Label)
- Versatile and effective for Class A, B, C (flammable gases) fires.
- Commonly used in industrial settings.
- Can cause visibility issues and respiratory irritation when used indoors.
5. Wet Chemical Fire Extinguishers (Yellow Label)
- Specially designed for Class F fires (cooking oil and fat fires).
- Forms a soapy barrier to prevent re-ignition.
- Essential in commercial kitchens and food establishments.
6. Fire Blanket
- While not an extinguisher, fire blankets are crucial for smothering small fires, particularly in kitchens and clothing fires.
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher: The PASS Technique
To effectively use a fire extinguisher, follow the PASS method:
- Pull the pin to break the tamper seal.
- Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire.
- Squeeze the handle to release the extinguishing agent.
- Sweep from side to side until the fire is out.
Where to Place Fire Extinguishers
Strategically placing fire extinguishers throughout your premises is crucial for effective fire safety. Recommended locations include:
- Kitchens (Wet Chemical for cooking fires)
- Offices (CO2 for electrical fires)
- Workshops and Garages (Powder for multiple fire types)
- Near Exits (Ensures safe access in an emergency)
- Public Buildings (Compliance with fire safety regulations)
Fire Extinguisher Maintenance and Regulations
Regular maintenance is essential to ensure your fire extinguisher functions correctly when needed:
- Conduct monthly visual inspections for damage, leaks, or tampering.
- Annual professional servicing by a certified fire safety provider.
- Replace or recharge extinguishers immediately after use.
- Ensure compliance with British Standards (BS 5306-3:2017) for workplace safety.
Common Mistakes to Avoid When Using Fire Extinguishers
- Using the wrong type of extinguisher: This can make fires worse.
- Standing too close to the fire: Maintain a safe distance while using the extinguisher.
- Ignoring fire size limitations: If a fire is too large, evacuate and call emergency services.
- Neglecting regular checks: An expired or damaged extinguisher may not work when needed.
Conclusion
Understanding fire extinguishers and their proper use is a crucial aspect of fire safety. By selecting the correct type, positioning them correctly, and maintaining them regularly, you can protect your home, business, and loved ones from fire-related hazards. This beginner’s guide to fire extinguishers provides the fundamental knowledge needed to make informed fire safety decisions, ensuring you are prepared for any emergency situation.
For professional fire safety services, assessments, or extinguisher maintenance, always consult a certified fire safety expert to ensure compliance with legal and safety standards.
